Criminal
05-06-2002, 11:27 PM
Defined as a Jewish nationalist movement that has as its goal the creation and support of a Jewish nation in Palestine. This was so named after the hill of Zion where Moses gazed upon the Promised land. Since the time of the Roman destruction of the Jewish State in the first century, jewish people had awaited a messiah. In the later middle ages several messiahs emerged. One of these was Sabbatari Zebi who proclaimed himself messiah in Turkey in 1648. During the era of the enlightenment in the 18th century a number of jews spoke of a jewish nation, among them Mendelsson, Sir Moses Montefiore and the Rothchilds.
It was not until the close of the 19th century that serious efforts towards Jewish settlements were made. Theodore Herzl, the "father of zionism", was an Austrian Jew who first realized the opportunity which was presented. In 1897 he convened the first Zionist confrence in Basil Switzerland. At that time the British offered Zionists a homeland in an uninhabited region of Uganda. This split the support of Palestine as their homeland. Herzl died in 1904 in the midst of this bitter dispute.
With the rise of anti semitism in eastern europe, particularly in Russia, many jews supported emigration. In fact many russian jews did settle in Palestine at this time. Following these first settlements were the first disputes with the local arabic population.
In WW 1, Turkey was defeated by Britian and Palestine was now occupied by Britian. At that time two Zionist leaders, Chaim Weizmann and Nahum Sokolow persuaded the British foreign secretary Arthur James Balfour to declair "His Majestys Government view with favor the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish People..." The declaration went on to gurantee the rights of non jewish people inhabiting these lands as well.
As expected the arab populations revolted on two occasions between the wars. Though the British tried to maintain peace, a white paper in 1939 found the situation irreconcilable.
During and after WW 2, international support for a jewish state grew. In 1942, a Zionist Confrence in New York demanded the establishment of such a state. Britian submitted to the case of Palestine first to Anglo-US discussion for solution and later to the United Nations, which proposed a division of Palestine into an Arab and Jewish State, and the internationalization of Jerusalem. In the end, however it was force of arms which determined the boundries of the Jewish state. The state of Isreal was proclaimed in 1948 and immediately recognized by the United States.
It has been thought that it was through the suffering of the Jewish people in Europe during WW 2 that the state of Isreal was possible. There is a belief by many that only in a purely jewish state could jewish people enjoy full rights.
It was not until the close of the 19th century that serious efforts towards Jewish settlements were made. Theodore Herzl, the "father of zionism", was an Austrian Jew who first realized the opportunity which was presented. In 1897 he convened the first Zionist confrence in Basil Switzerland. At that time the British offered Zionists a homeland in an uninhabited region of Uganda. This split the support of Palestine as their homeland. Herzl died in 1904 in the midst of this bitter dispute.
With the rise of anti semitism in eastern europe, particularly in Russia, many jews supported emigration. In fact many russian jews did settle in Palestine at this time. Following these first settlements were the first disputes with the local arabic population.
In WW 1, Turkey was defeated by Britian and Palestine was now occupied by Britian. At that time two Zionist leaders, Chaim Weizmann and Nahum Sokolow persuaded the British foreign secretary Arthur James Balfour to declair "His Majestys Government view with favor the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish People..." The declaration went on to gurantee the rights of non jewish people inhabiting these lands as well.
As expected the arab populations revolted on two occasions between the wars. Though the British tried to maintain peace, a white paper in 1939 found the situation irreconcilable.
During and after WW 2, international support for a jewish state grew. In 1942, a Zionist Confrence in New York demanded the establishment of such a state. Britian submitted to the case of Palestine first to Anglo-US discussion for solution and later to the United Nations, which proposed a division of Palestine into an Arab and Jewish State, and the internationalization of Jerusalem. In the end, however it was force of arms which determined the boundries of the Jewish state. The state of Isreal was proclaimed in 1948 and immediately recognized by the United States.
It has been thought that it was through the suffering of the Jewish people in Europe during WW 2 that the state of Isreal was possible. There is a belief by many that only in a purely jewish state could jewish people enjoy full rights.